False start:- This is when you are moving before the Starter gives the signal or you enter the water before the starting signal.

Flyer:- This is when the outgoing swimmer in a relay race leaves the starting base before the incoming swimmer touches. It is allowed to be moving prior to the incoming swimmer touching providing the feet are still in contact with the starting base as the incoming swimmer touches.

Gliding into turn:- This happens in a Backstroke race when you are on your front at the turn and both arms are by your sides doing nothing.

Kicking into turn:- This happens in a Backstroke race and there is a kick or series of kicks that are independent of “The continuous turning motion”. While you are on your front at the turn, providing the arm or arms are still moving to initiate the turn you are allowed to kick. However once the arms have stopped moving you must have begun the tumble phase of the turn.

Screw kick:- This happens in a Breast-stroke race when the feet are not turned outwards during the propulsive phase of the kick.

Uneven arms:- This happens either during a Breast-stroke or Butterfly race when the arms do not move in a symmetrical manner.

Arms not over water:- In a Butterfly race the arms must be recovered over the water surface. Not through the water.

Single handed touch:- In a Breast-stroke or Butterfly race each touch or turn must be made with both hands at, above or below the waterline.

Fouling:- This is when a swimmer does something deliberately that puts another swimmer at a disadvantage.

Not in right lane:- A swimmer must finish a race in the lane in which they started. If after a turn you find yourself in the wrong lane you are allowed to submerge only for the purpose of returning to your own lane.