Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system. It is caused by a deficiency of insulin -- the hormone that regulates how sugar is absorbed and utilized by the cells and tissues of the body. Highest occurences are found in dogs between the ages of 5 to 7, and female dogs appear to be more susceptible. Most affected dogs are obese. It is the most common hormonal disorder in dogs.
Dogs with diabetes usually drink more water, go to the bathroom more frequently (may start to urinate in the house), and can begin to loose weight.
It is a wise practice to have your dog checked yearly by your vet, and urine and blood screens (usually fasting) should be a part of that checkup. If you notice any of the symptoms above visit the vet immediately. The earlier diabetes is detected, the better the chances of successful treatment. The vet will have to perform tests, including a blood test, to diagnose diabetes, and to prescribe the proper dose of insulin to be administered. Undetected/untreated diabetes can lead to greater urinary tract infections and cataracts.
There is no cure for diabetes. If diabetes is found and treatment is required, the treatment will be daily injections of insulin; there are no oral medications available for animals. Your vet will show you the proper way to administer the treatment, and provide a time schedule. Stick to the schedule!
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