Andorian
Intro
The An'dorian Language (or ub An'ed as we call it, among
ourselves) reflects much of the highly stratified class system, so firmly
entrenched in the culture of An'dor, Piin'tel, Aad'hozh, Em'phur, and our
colonies. The An'dorian psyche is prevalent in many of the aspects of the
language, as is to be expected in the linguistic study of any language system.
For instance, the cultural importance of our reproductive nature is met in
our pronominal system (which see); the importance of knowing if An'dorians
are of the reproducing (fertile) genders is as important as knowing if they
are male or female. The plurality of casts is reflected in the plurality of
nominal cases (which see). The list could go on and on but this is a grammatical
sketch not a cultural thesis.
The language has been divided into segments that will be helpful for the speaker
of Federation Standard.
An'dorian Phonology
This is the study of the sounds made in languages. The speech
of all beings, who use sound as the primary form of communication, can be
studied under some form of phonology. By studying what sounds are made, before
looking at the words themselves, a language learner can understand how to
pronounce them and how to remember them.
There are four major dialects native to An'dor, the Home World and governing
seat of the An'dorian Star Empire. They are not regional as has been noted
in Federation Standard (FedStandard). The differences in the pronunciation
and vocabulary on Terra and Centaurus are due to distance, as are those in
Australia and North America. But in An'dorian, they are due to class distinctions,
as all other An'dorian languages have been absorbed into this language or
caused to become extinct. Each of these four dialects represents one of the
major classes: the Noble/Warrior, the Philosopher, the Tradesman, and the
Peasant, as listed in descending order of importance to An'dorians. However,
non-An'dorians deal with An'dorians according to the following list of frequency
of contact: the Tradesman, the Noble/Warrior, the Peasant and the Philosopher.
This is also the order in which these dialects will be discussed in this text.
Consonants
There are fewer differences between the dialects in the pronunciation
of the eighteen consonants than in any other segment of the language. The
following consonants are pronounced as in Standard: b,
d, g, v,
z, m,
and n. The
rest (p, ph, t, th, k, kh, zh, h, l, r, and ng ) need to be discussed further.
ph is pronounced as in Japanese (it sounds like
blowing out a candle)
th as in standard (thin)
kh as in Arabic (it sounds like a soft gargling
in the back of the throat).
zh is pronounced like the si of vision.
h is pronounced after a vowel as well as before.
l is always pronounced like the first l in lull
not the last. Except that in the Peasant dialect l is pronounced like the
last l in lull not the first.
r has a different pronunciation in each dialect:
in Tradesman it is pronounced as in Standard; in Noble/Warrior it is trilled
at the front of the mouth as in Centaurian, Archaic Italian (an early 21th
century Terran language) or Nahua (a 17th century Terran language); in Peasant
it is trilled at the back of the mouth as in Vulcan or Archaic French (also
an early 21th century Terran language); in Philosopher it colors the preceding
vowel slightly as currently pronounced on New Boston or is trilled, as in
oble/Warrior, if it comes before a vowel.
ng is identical to that used on Pacifica in the
Modern Tahitian language and in the neoFijian of Epsilon Iridanii III. Standard
pronounces this sound only after a vowel, as in going, but not before the
vowel. It should occur on either side of a vowel in the same manner.
All final consonants (those on the end of words) are pronounced devoiced:
b=>p, d=>t,
g=>k, v=>f, z=>s, zh=>sh, etc.
Vowels
There are ten traditional vowel sounds in the An'dorian language and are represented by the following letters: i, ii, e, ee, a, aa, o, oo, u, and uu. They are pronounced differently in the four dialects.
| Trade | N/W | Peasant | Philo | |
| i | i (it) | ee (keep) | ee (keep) | ee (keep) |
| ii | ie (pie) | eeee 1 | eh (ked) | yee 3 |
| e | eh (ked) | ay (pay) | ay (pay) | ay (pay) |
| ee | ee (keep) | aaay 1 | a (cat) | yay 3 |
| a | a (cat) | ah (ma) | ah (ma) | ah (ma) |
| aa | ey (pay) | aaah 1 | ao (cow) | wah 2 |
| o | ah (ma) | oh (go) | oh (go) | oh (go) |
| oo | oh (go) | oooh 1 | augh (caught) | woh 2 |
| u | uh (but) | oo (boot) | oo (boot) | oo (boot) |
| uu | oo (boot) | oooo 1 | oo (book) | woo 2 |
1This doubling of the vowel in the Noble/warrior dialect
is pronounced the same as the undoubled vowel, but held longer.
2 This double vowel in the philosopher dilalect is pronounced the same as
the undoubled vowel with the addition of a /w/ sound preceding it.
3 This double vowel in the philosopher dilalect is pronounced the same as
the undoubled vowel with the addition of a /y/ sound preceding it.
"a" on the end of a word in the tradesman dialect is pronounced
as the u in "cup".
Syntax
The relationship between the subject, the object and the
verb in FedStandard is based on word order. The subject comes first, then
the verb and finally the object. For example, The boy ate the pie is
a very different sentence from the pie ate the boy. Recent linguistic
research has shown that Tlhingon Hol, the Klingon language, is syntactically
the reverse. The object comes first, then the verb and finally the subject.
[It must be noted that this is very rare for humanoid speech.] In the second
sentence, a Klingon would understand the boy and not the pie to have teeth.
An'dorian is far closer to Standard than it is to Tlhingon Hol. It's
word order is as follows: the subject comes first, then the direct object,
then the indirect object and finally the verb. Im khuud oh laath'veh ov oorzhaakev
which means roughly: the boy ate the chocolate ball-pie, is translated literally:
{the, sentient class} {male child} {the, round class} {[bitter An'dorian fruit,
which is a great flavoring when sweetened]'[spherical dumpling-like dessert]}
{affirmative mood marker} {[past] [eat by tearing apart with the teeth] [affirmative
stressing]}. I read the sentence, oh laath'veh im khuud ov oorzhaakev,
to my wife; she howled with laughter and had visions of a large chocolate
ball covered with crust, on the loose hunting down helpless children.
The speaker of Standard should have little trouble with the word order of
An'dorian, if the object is placed before the verb. However, great confusion
will arise if sentences like Im khuud ov oorzhaakev oh laath'veh are
followed by a sentence like utu aadtheen ul. Those unfamiliar with
the word order of Standard would mistranslate these ungrammatical sentences
to mean: the boy ate, the chocolate pie likes he, him when the speaker meant
the boy ate the chocolate pie. he likes it.
The question could be asked--
why do we An'dorians talk like that? The answer does not have to do with our
antennae or the blueness of our skin. It does not have to do with the fact
that, in our ancient mythology, a two-headed larva cracked the First Egg and
thereby created the universe. The fact is, we just speak that way. There have
been much stranger languages on Terra, like Japanese or Turkic, to name just
a few. The language of the Jerada is, by far, the most alien of the non-humanoid
languages this writer has ever studied. When compared to the chemical language
of the Horta, An'dorian is quite simple.
In my days as a graduate student
at the Academy, one of my An'dorian language students confided that she was
certain that we An'dorians really speak Standard at home and just speak our
tangled mess on the streets to confuse non-An'dorians. And furthermore, we
really think in Standard and translate. But when I spent three years teaching
FedStandard as a second language (FSSL) on An'dor, one of my FSSL students
confided that he was certain that Terrans really speak An'dorian at home.
They just speak their own tangled mess on the streets to confuse non-Terrans.
And furthermore, they really think in An'dorian and translate. The point is,
that every sentient being is convinced that his, her, its, (etc.) own language
is, in reality, the mode of communication to best express one's thoughts.
oh uh'thanoo
em
The Nominal Cluster
There are eight noun classes in the An'dorian language: abstract,
animate, flat, long, round, sentient, spongy,
and wet. These are what those of our Philosopher cast have called them.
They could just as easily be called Class #1 - Class #8. While sweat (beekh)
and river (voot) are wet, dessert (thiing) and jail (lav)
are not. And yet, all four are in the wet class.
It must be remembered that even if a noun does not feel, to you, like it fits
into its class, it does to us, the natives of the Language. Some of my An'dorian
linguistic colleagues might explain the wetness of desserts by saying they
have wet sauces poured on top (but some are dry) and of jails by saying when
you are there, the days flow together like water. But even they won't think
about the wetness of jails (or of rivers for that matter) in normal speech.
You will come across as very eccentric if you ask the non-linguistically trained,
run-of-the-mill An'dorian why jails are in the wet class. Most will answer
"Iit im Thezuraa oth emzireeng (Go ask the Philosophers)."
They say that to most questions. It's their version of "Go play with
some anti-matter, kid." The common An'dorian may also make up an absurd
answer to rid him/herself of pestering questions. Hense, the contradictory
stories concerning the antennae, the nature of An'dorian vision or which world
is the origin of our species.
In the dictionary portion of this book, there is a section in parentheses,
beside each An'dorian word, which gives the part of speech and the class,
if applicable. For example: zir (v, n-se)=ask, which means:
zir (a verb, and a noun of the sentient class) translates to ask in
Standard. When a vocabulary word is memorized it is advisable to memorize
the information in the parentheses as well, particularly the noun class.
-Plurals-
To form plurals in Standard we add an -s to the end of the
noun: teleporters, communicators, etc. The An'dorians add -aa (or -haa
if the noun ends in a vowel): laath'vehaa, Thezuraa, buhaa,
etc. One must be careful to understand the context. A ve is a tow, while a
veh is a ball-pie. Both are pluralized as vehaa. This has led many
an An'dorian language student to massive confusion.
An'dorian also has a few extras. If there are two of a noun, the noun must
use -i (or -hi) to express the dual-ness of the nouns. And,
if there is only one, to express the unique-ness of the noun, -uu (or
-huu) may be used. Leaving them off connotes the undifferentiated nature
of the plurality of the noun.
| unique |
-uu (or -huu) |
| dual | -i (or -hi) |
| plural | -aa (or -haa) |
-Articles-
Articles are minor words which play a vastly important function on the sentence. The function is so complex that it tells natives about your apparent language learning intelligence level. If you use them wrong, they squeal. There are two kinds, indefinite and definite. Whereas Standard has only three articles: the, a and an, and Tlhingon has none, we An'dorians have chosen to mirror our byzantine society in the grammar of our language by employing a different pair of articles for each class of nouns. There are a total of sixteen. Every noun must have an article.
=Indefinite=
Indefinite articles are those which show an indefinite reference
to the nouns they precede. For example, an apple can refer to any apple anywhere,
of any strain: a tithonian apple from Mars, a pomma apple from
Centaurus or a granny apple from Boise, North America. It makes no
difference which apple is chosen. Or it can refer to any one of a specific
group, such as, "Get me an apple from the food synthesizer." This
means you must make an executive decision and choose one from the list. "Get
me a record-tape from the shelf," means you can't get one from the desk
top. But any on the shelf will do.
An'dorian has eight different indefinite articles: aah (flat), eeh
(animate), eep (spongy), iim (sentient), iiz (long),
ooh (round), uub (abstract), uur (wet). Yes, this is
very different from Standard. It is, after all, a different language. The
correct class of indefinite article must be used with the noun. aah laath'veh
{a, flat class} {chocolate-esque ball-pie} would be understood, but laath'vehaa
belong to the round class. The chef who made the laath'veh you called flat
would be embarrassed and the rest of the guests would correct your grammar
(if they weren't laughing too hard). However, if you were the guest of the
Noor'Thuub of some Khiib, daggers might flash if he chose to
be insulted. In most cases, though, people will understand and just correct
your grammar.
In Standard, you use the indefinite feeling when you say things like: there
are some Klingons in the hotel, or Orions sell green skinned slave girls.
You don't know (or care) who the Klingons, Orions or green skinned slave girls
are. Apples are good to eat, is another example of this. But in An'dorian,
the indefinite article must accompany the indefinite noun whether plural or
not: iim Thezuraa kahe ov adthaalaarev (philosophers enjoy talking)
and whether or not there is an adjective modifying the noun.
| aah | flat |
| eeh |
animate |
| eep | spongy |
| iim | sentient |
| iiz | long |
| ooh | round |
| uub | abstract |
| uur | wet |
=Definite=
Definite articles are those which point to one or several specific nouns, such as: the dagger in the Ambassador's boot or the Orion slave girl which I saw last night, or, as is more commonly the case, the first time a noun is mentioned it is indefinite, but in subsequent occurrences it is definite. These articles are used in practically the same manor as the is in Standard. The big difference is that An'dorian has eight while Standard has one. The article must match the class of the noun in the same pattern as with indefinite articles.
| ah | flat |
| eh | animate |
| ep | spongy |
| im | sentient |
| iz | long |
| oh | round |
| ub | abstract |
| ur | wet |
-Pronouns-
An'dorian society plays a major role in determining which
pronoun to use with which person. There are two major types of An'dorians:
those who appear to be capable of breeding and those who don't.
The latter
group (of which I am a member) are the light-blue skinned, thick-antennaed
An'dorians that most people have seen and most people have contact with. We
are called the infertile An'dorians (infertile in the same way Terran bees
or ants are infertile, [except we can have sex]).
The other group are the
darker blue, thin-antennaed An'dorians that most people have never met, because
of the fact that the Fertiles, who are needed for breeding purposes, are vastly
out numbered by the Infertiles and are therefore protected. However, the ambassador
to the United Federation of Planets (on Terra) is one of the first of the
Fertile An'dorians to take on major responsibilities. Traditionally, the Fertiles
have been considered too fragile and weak to handle the stress of such work
best left to the Infertiles. This is attitude, which is changing, iis much
like the attitude of Terra's Victorian England toward females, the Blauthosones
of the Eotoss Dynasty to pregnant males and the Iiquonsanii, of all ages,
to the egg tending sex.
=Subject Pronouns=
The subject is the force behind the sentence. The tractor
beam moved the asteroid. The Tellarite ate all the food at the banquet. They
are coming. They is a member of a group of words known as subject pronouns
which correspond to I, you, we, she, he,
it, and they in Standard. An'dorian has two such lists: the
fertile and the infertile. The infertile pronouns are to be used with the
majority (>95%) of the An'dorian race and the fertile with all Klingons,
Vulcans, Eeaouans, Terrans, etc. regardless of vasectomies or hysterectomies.
However, the Katellans have Alpha and Beta Males which are considered fertile
and infertile (respectively) by An'dorians.
The pronouns are: at = I, we (infertile), it = you (infertile),
ut = he, she, it, they (infertile), aat = I , we (fertile),
iit = you (fertile), uut = he, she, it, they (fertile).
It may seem strange that there are so many Standard translations for these
pronouns, uut for instance, but one must bear in mind the pluralizers mentioned
in the section on nouns. Uut all by itself has a rather general meaning:
neither you nor I, but a group (or individual) we are talking about. The Noor'Thuub
of the Khiib-aam-iz-Hiith, all the silent salaried starship captains,
the girl of my dreams, the dreams of my girl, etc. can all be replaced by
uut. If the speaker wishes to be more specific, uut could add
the pluralizers. The Noor'Thuub of the Khiib-aam-iz-Hiith could
be uutu or uutuhi. All the silent salaried starship captains
could be uutaa. The girl of my dreams could be uute, uuti,
or uutehi. If you have a doubt as to the usage of this grammatical
form, leave the Pluralizers off.
The dreams of my girl could be ut (or utaa). Because they are
inanamate objects, they must be viewed infertilely. But a farmer in a very
rocky area might refer to the rocks as fertile (uutaa) if he wanted
to insinuate that they were breeding in the ground.
|
infertile
|
fertile
|
| at = I, we (infertile) | aat = I, we (fertile) |
| it = you (infertile) | iit = you (fertile) |
| ut = he, she, it, they | uut = he, she, it, they |
=Direct Object Pronouns=
Direct objects are the victim in sentences like the crew killed the Romulan, the Noor'Thuub knifed the assassin and I ate it. The first two sentences can also be reduced to their pronominal forms: they killed him, and he knifed her. Him, her and it are direct object pronouns. The rest of the direct object pronouns in Standard are: me, you, us, and them. These pronouns are the same as the subject pronouns above, except the t is changed to an l. The same pluralization rules apply to direct object pronouns as to subject pronouns. They also come in front of the verb (see syntax).
|
infertile
|
fertile
|
| al = I, we (infertile) | aal = I, we (fertile) |
| il = you (infertile) | iil = you (fertile) |
| ul = he, she, it, they | uul = he, she, it, they |
Direct Object Pronouns
=Indirect Object Pronouns=
Indirect object pronouns are those which receive the action of the verb indirectly, rather circular reasoning isn't it? I threw the knife to him. I didn't throw him. I threw the knife. The knife receives the action of the verb 'throw', but he receives the object of the verb, 'the knife'. He receives the action of the verb indirectly. In Standard, we say: I threw the knife to him or I threw him the knife. Both are acceptable. In An'dorian there is only one form of saying it: Aat uzhuhi iz veeng ud oorrezh ([I] [to him] [the] [knife] [perfective aspect marker] [threw]). The same rules of pluralization apply to indirect object pronouns as to nouns and all other pronouns.
|
infertile
|
fertile
|
| azh = I, we (infertile) | aazh = I, we (fertile) |
| izh = you (infertile) | iizh = you (fertile) |
| uzh = he, she, it, they | uuzh = he, she, it, they |
-Possessive Markers-
Possessive markers are the indicators of ownership, as in such sentences as: that's my phaser, or your fertile-mother called. They are placed between the article and the [modified (or not)] noun. Aan lim aadloob (that is my fertile-mother). [Fertile-parents do not have any real authority; they are considered too fragile to hold any but the most pampered of positions. They are also emmensely valued for their reproductive abilities, being so few in number compared to number of infertiles.]
|
infertile
|
fertile
|
| an my, our | aan my, our |
| in your | iin your |
| un his, her, its, their | uun his, her, its, their |
-Compound Nouns-
oh kuug'thanoo
phood
The Verbal Complex
The verbal complex is, as its name implies, complex. There are three major divisions: Tense (the time referent), Mood (the speaker's attitude toward the action or condition expressed) and Aspect (the relation of the action to the passage of time). In the dictionary, each of the entries are indicated by TMA.
-Tense-
There are three tenses in An'dorian: aad- (present
tense); oor- (past tense); em- (future tense). We An'dorians
do, after all, sense time in the same manner as the vast majority of sentient
races in the Federation. Those actions that have not, as yet, taken place
are in the future; those that have already taken place are in the past; those
that lie between the two are in the present.
The time affix must be added, on the front of the verb, for the sentence to
be grammatical. For instance, past: oh laath'veh oorheeph
nguung rar (the chocolate-esque ball-pie rolled down the hill), present:
oh laath'veh aadheeph nguung rar (the
chocolate-esque ball-pie rolls down the hill) or future: oh laath'veh emheeph
nguung rar (the chocolate-esque ball-pie will roll down the hill).
As is plainly visible, this is less complex than in Standard, which is based
on past and non-past. In Standard, tense is marked by the addition of a suffix
-Ø, or -s, for present, -ed, for past, or the modal will for future,
if the verb in question is regular; The absence of the time affix is considered
a command (see imperative).
|
An'dorian
|
FedStandard
|
|
|
Past oor-
|
oh laath'veh oorheeph nguung rar. | the chocolate-esque ball-pie rolled down the hill |
|
Present aad-
|
oh laath'veh aadheeph nguung rar. | the chocolate-esque ball-pie roll down the hill |
|
Future em-
|
oh laath'veh emheeph nguung rar. | the chocolate-esque ball-pie will roll down the hill |
|
Imperative Ø
|
oh laath'veh heeph nguung rar. | the chocolate-esque ball-pie had better roll down the hill! |
-Mood-
The moods of An'dorian (not those related to emotions) are grammatical functions which indicate the attitude of the speaker to the action. In much the same way that Standard will use the Modals: can, could, shall, should, would, may, might, or must. They are made of two distinct forms, the marker and the affix. The marker is a distinct word which sits in front of the verb; the affix is added onto the end of the verb itself. For example, utehi Muzh'rihan eb aadtuthoom (she probably stabs the Romulan), utehi Muzh'rihan iip aadtuthiir (she wants to stab the Romulan), utehi Muzh'rihan iith aadtuthung (she would stab the Romulan), utehi Muzh'rihan iv aadtuthuth (she might roll stab the Romulan), utehi Muzh'rihan oth aadtutheeng (she needs to stab the Romulan), utehi Muzh'rihan ov aadtuthev (she does stab the Romulan). Both of the forms, the marker and the affix, must be present for the sentence to be acceptable (though the sentence would be understood, like: me go home now).
| marker | affix | |
| probable | eb | -oom |
| desire | iip | -iir |
| conditional | iith | -ung |
| plausible | iv | -uth |
| necessary | oth | -eeng |
| affirmative | ov | -ev |
-Aspect-
Aspect denotes the relation of the action to the passage
of time. It is the difference in such sentences as, I eat, I am
eating, I have eaten, and I have been eating. This is not
a time referent; each of these can be placed in the different tenses: I
ate, I was eating, I had eaten, and I had been eating,
or, I will eat, I will be eating, I will have eaten,
and I will have been eating. Standard has four aspects: simple, continuous,
perfective and continuous perfective.
An'dorian has four aspects: the simple, continuous, perfective and repetive:
Im un khiib ooh ong Ø aadveeph
(his genetic-family fosters out the infertile-egg [The genetic parents of
an infertile An'dorian lay many eggs in the space of their life, far too many
to take care of. So, they give them to favored infertile couples to raise.
My wife and I have been given seven.]), Im un khiib ooh ong ar
aadveeph (his genetic-family is fostering out the infertile-egg),
Im un khiib ooh ong ud aadveeph
(his genetic-family has fostered out the infertile-egg), Im un khiib ooh
ong iiph aadveeph (his genetic-family has
been fostering out the infertile-egg).
The simple aspect is shown by the absence of an aspect marker. If a mood marker
is to be used with an aspect marker, it must come after the aspect marker.
| Ø | simple aspect |
| ar | continuous aspect |
| iiph | repetive aspect |
| ud | perfective aspect |
-Negation-
There are two basic types of negation in An'dorian: morphemic
and verbal. The former is when an individual word is negated (like unhappy
or dislocated), while the latter is when the basic sense of the sentence is
negated (I am not happy to see you).
Morphemic negation is formed by adding either, hu- (which means the
condition does not exist) or ngi- (which means the condition is reversed)
to the front of any word except for pronouns. Hupin would mean the
person is not angry, upset perhaps or sad, but not angry; ngipin, however,
would mean the person in question is in a state opposite of anger.
Verbal negation is formed by adding the negator do (pronounced doe)
before the mood or aspect marker: atuhi ep laal do iiph aadkhuh (I
don't usually eat the meat of the gaav) atuhi eep laal do eb emkhuh
(I probably won't eat any of the meat of the gaav). The absence of the mood
or aspect markers indicates a general sense of time and manner.
| ngi- | reversal of condition |
| hu- | negation of condition |
| do | negator |
-Questions-
There are two systems of question formation in An'dorian.
The first is formed in much the same way as in Standard: by putting the aspect
or mood marker in front of the subject. Standard uses modals or auxiliaries
in this function. Atuhi ep laal iiph aadkhuh (I usually eat the meat
of the gaav) becomes iiph atuhi ep laal aadkhuh? (Do I usually eat
the meat of the gaav?) Atuhi eep laal eb emkhuhoom (I probably will
eat some of the meat of the gaav) becomes Eb atuhi eep laal emkhuhoom?
(Will I probably eat some of the meat of the gaav?). Also, iik is a question
marker used to anchor questions if no mood or aspect is present: atuhi
eep laal aadkhuh (I eat some of the meat of the gaav) becomes iik atuhi
eep laal aadkhuh? (Do I eat some of the meat of the gaav?).
The second system of question formation is similar to the morphemic negation
discussed earlier. ku- is added to the
front of any word to make it a question word: loob (that) and khuukh
(then) become kuloob (what) and kukhuukh (when). These words
are left in their normal place in the sentence (i.e. they are only placed
at the front of the sentence if they are the subject). Just because Standard
always places them at the front of the sentence is no justification for An'dorian
to have to do so. Uutehi ooh loob laath'veh iip aadkhuhiir (she wants
to eat that chocolate-esque ball-pie) can be changed to Uutehi ooh kuloob
laath'veh iip aadkhuhiir? (which chocolate-esque ball-pie does she want
to eat?).
ah zhiidaa
war victims left to die
on the field of battle
also a grammatical term
Linguists of old Earth have come to the consensus that there
are generally two major parts of speech: nouns and verbs. Everything else
is basically some form of modifier. The Klingons have gone one step further
and have only nouns or verbs; everything else for them is considered chumve,
or left-overs. Unwilling to go to this extreme, An'dorians count the parts
of speech according to their alignment: to which of the opposing armies do
the other parts of speech give their loyalty.
In the camp of the nouns we have compound nouns, articles, pluralizers, and
pronouns (subject, object). The camp of verbs has tense, mood, aspect, negation,
and questions. The rest are as traitors or neutrals.
-Adjectives/adverbs-
The words that can describe and give more information about
a noun or a verb; the fat bureaucrat, she walks quickly. These words form
two separate categories in Standard, but only one in An'dorian. Some of the
words in the dictionary show that they can only be adjectives/adverbs, while
any noun or verb can act adjectivally. As in Standard, the adjectives/adverbs
are placed in between the noun and the article if modifying a noun, and directly
behind the verb if modifying a verb.
Adjectives/adverbs, also, must agree in class and in number with the noun
they are modifying or to the subject of the verb they are modifying. The following
markers must be added to adjectives/ adverbs.
Eeh peetheehaa ziikehaa, (the beautiful An'dorian {girl}) and ep
zhimphokhuu phiikhuu (the hot zhim-spice) are two very good examples.
| -eng | abstract |
| -ib | sentient |
| -oo | round |
| -phokh | spongy |
| -reem | wet |
| kii- | long |
| pee- | animate |
| zee- | flat |
-Prepositions-
Prepositions, words which show locational relationships, are the most difficult to translate of all parts of speech; each language cuts up the alotted semantic space in different ways. Whereas An'dorian prepositions act upon nouns in much the same manner as in Standard (i.e. in the shuttle, by the warp nacelles, etc.), they also can be treated as verbs. "She is beside the transporter" translates to uute eh thezhiing aadzhii (or she besides the transporter).
| aa | through and killing or destroying |
| ab | beside right (to the speaker's right) |
| aph | over |
| di- | beyond |
| eekh | in (partially inclosed) |
| hiip | right (direction) |
| i | on (physically resting on the upper surface) |
| ih | by means of (ex: on the phone) |
| ik | in front, before |
| kep | towards, approaching |
| nguung | down, downwards |
| oo | through and damaging |
| ooz | under |
| phazh | towards (menacing) |
| pi | up, upwards |
| rev | behalf |
| ta | on (adhered to one surface); also an infinite marker |
| tuu | accompanied by |
| uk | through but not harming |
| zhii | beside left (to speaker's left) |
| zhop | behind |
| zhuu | with |
| zu | within (inclosed) |
-Relativizers-
Relativizers are those words that introduce a clause giving
more information on a noun. In Standard, there are several: that, who, whom,
which, etc. and they are used basically in the same way. The girl, that [or
who] loves me, is coming. The Ambassador gave the Delegate, that [or whom]
you transported, a dilithium crystal.
In An'dorian there is only one: phu. Im zhiibe, phu aal aadraal, ar aadtaad.
Im Theliizh iiz kiidiilithiim tiing im An'dorianngootoom, phu it
oorzhiing, oortoom.
Relativizers are also used as gerunds, verbs with -ing on the end.
The type of -ing words in sentences such as: I saw him, going into
the engineering deck. Aat ul, phu aad- khuuz kep ah zeebuud dev,
ov moorev.