Base: Any substance with a pH level greater than 7. Compare with acid.
 Basidium: The club-shaped microscopic structure in some fungi that bear spores. Plural "basidia."
Image can be found at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew: Science and Horticulture.
Biennial: A plant that has a life cycle that requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle.
 Bilateral symmetry: A term that refers to living things that are only symmetric about their center. Examples include all vertebrates, including humans, and many invertebrates, like bees. In plants, it is called zygomorphic. Compare with radial symmetry.
Black hole: An object, formerly a star, whose gravitational field has an escape velocity greater than the speed of light (about 2.9988108 m/s).
Blade: In plants, the broad, flattened portion of a leaf.
Blastula: A hollow ball of cells formed after the cleavage stage of embryonic development.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into rocks to a certain depth, in order to assess the composition of the rocks in a particular location.
 Brainstem: The lower part of the vertebrate brain which consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain.
 Bud: In plants, a swollen outgrowth or projection which can form leaves, flowers, or shoots.
The image to the left shows a budding flower from an iris. The image can be found at Iris Glossary.
Bulb: In plants, an underground food storage structure.
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