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Family: A taxonomic division that is above genus and below order.

Fayalite: One of the two mineral components of olivine. Its chemical formula is Fe₂SiO₄.

Image can be found at Probert Encyclopaedia: Rocks and Minerals (F).

Fertilization: The process where male and female haploid gametes combine to form one diploid zygote.

Filament: In plants, the long stalk of the stamen that bears the anther. Traditionally, any long, thin structure.

Firn: Name given to a certain type of ice that is formed by buried and compacted snow. If buried sufficiently, it can turn into glacial ice.

Forsterite: One of two mineral components of olivine. Its chemical formula is Mg₂SiO₄.

Image can be found at Forsterite Specimens.

Frequency: The number of repeated patterns in a specific timeframe, usually per second. Typically expressed in hertz (Hz).

Frond: A leaf, typically of a palm or a fern.

Functional group: An atom or a group of atoms that act as a unit, and have replaced a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule and lend its chemical characteristics.

Fungi: Organisms which have a nucleus, lack the pigment chlorophyll, that can reproduce both sexually and/or asexually, originate from spores, and whose normally filamentous and ramified somatic structures are surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose, chitin, or both.